PROPER NAMES AS UNITS THAT EXPRESS A DESCRIPTION OF AN ACTION: STRUCTURE AND SEMANTICS OF PROPER NAME BASED ADVERBS

Abstract

The distinctive features of innovative word-formation in the Ukrainian language is the active involvement of proper names as word-formative bases. Adverbs formed from proper names are the smallest group, so that the least researched. The article deals with the structural and semantic features of innovative proper name based adverb word-formation. Traditionally for adverbs, innovative proper name based adverbs are formed through suffixation and confixation. However, the use of a proper name as a word-formative base is a deviation from usual patterns. The formation of adverbs means the transformation of an attribute into a description of an action or another attribute. But as names of individual objects, proper names do not have a descriptive semantics. So, the main structural feature of the word-formation of proper name based adverbs is the overstep nature. The productivity of affixes formed as a result of overstep word-formation, and the tendency to form adverbs directly from proper names, gives ground to speak of new affixes and patterns. There are also semantic transformations. The semantic basis of derivatives is a separate feature of an individual object: an event, action, or method of action associated with it. As a rule, an appeal to one fact from the entire amount of information about an object is possible due to metonymy. In accordance with the type of proper name, different semantic-syntactic patterns of adverb formation are distinguished. A common semantic feature for all types of proper names is that, as word-formative bases, they indicate both the description of the action and the performer as its source. Therefore, due to specific structural and semantic transformations in innovative adverb word-formation, proper names demonstrate the ability to express a description of an action.