CRISES IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGISTS: STAGES OF PASSAGES AND CONDITIONS OF OVERCOMING

Abstract

The article raises the problem of the conditions for constructive overcoming of the crisis of professional development of psychologists. The crisis of professional development of a specialist is considered as one of the normative crises of the professionalization of the individual. The dynamics and psychological features of crises of professional development of a specialist are shown. The factors and signs of a professional crisis are presented. A sign of any crisis is internal negative experiences. The experience of failure, dissatisfaction due to the impossibility of realizing needs generates strong frustration, anxiety, low self-esteem. It is shown that a crisis can have a dual effect on a specialist. On the one hand, a professional crisis causes the emergence of negative experiences, can lead to personal and professional maladaptation, and on the other hand, it provides an opportunity for the growth of the human personality, encourages transformation and the search for ways to resolve the crisis situation. The problem of the conditions for constructive ways of overcoming the crisis is raised. It is argued that one of such conditions is reflection and reflective thinking of a specialist, in particular, a practical psychologist. The reflective thinking of a psychologist has certain professionally important characteristics, such as: reflection of the psycho-emotional state of another person; indirectness of knowledge of the internal laws of the psyche; reflection of the compliance of one’s own actions with the requirements of the professional situation, etc. The importance of reflection on personal issues, which has deep psychological origins, is emphasized. A personal problem is the result of a disruption of the balance between the tendencies of the psyche (“towards life - to psychological death”), as a result of which the tendency “towards psychological death” begins to prevail in the life activity of the subject. Another condition for preventing and overcoming crises of professional development is the personal psychocorrection of the psychologist, which involves deep psychological knowledge of the origins of the internal contradictions of the psyche and the actualization of reflection.