PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT AND ADAPTATION OF CITIZENS WITH DISABILITIES WHO WERE INJURED DURING MILITARY ACTIONS IN UKRAINE: SPECIFICITY OF THE FORMATION OF SELF-CONFIDENCE

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the psychological mechanisms of support and adaptation of citizens with disabilities who suffered as a result of military actions in Ukraine, with a special emphasis on the specifics of the formation of the basic personality trait – self-confidence. The article considers methods of psychological support, intervention strategies and factors contributing to the development of self-confidence in this population category. Psychological support and adaptation of citizens with disabilities who suffered as a result of military actions in Ukraine are extremely important aspects of psychosocial support. This process includes a series of steps and methods aimed at reducing the psychological consequences, promoting social integration and improving the quality of life of these people. The main directions and methods of psychological support are given: 1. Psychological diagnosis The first step in providing assistance is a comprehensive psychological diagnosis. It includes assessment of mental status, stress level, presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. 2. Psychotherapeutic support can include various methods and approaches: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps to change negative thinking patterns and behavioral reactions to more adaptive ones; exposure therapy, which is used to work with PTSD and helps reduce fear and anxiety by gradually working through traumatic memories in a safe therapeutic environment; Eriksonian hypnosis, which can be used to relax and reduce symptoms of anxiety and stress; group therapy as an important tool for providing social support, which facilitates the exchange of experiences and mutual support among individuals with similar problems. 3. Psychoeducation involves providing information to patients and their families about the nature of their mental problems, methods of overcoming them, as well as available resources and support services. 4. Socio-psychological rehabilitation includes measures to improve social adaptation and integration of persons with disabilities: training of new skills (professional rehabilitation and training of new professional skills that may be useful for employment); social integration (measures to improve interaction with society, including participation in public events, interest clubs, volunteer activities). 5. Work with families of persons with disabilities is an integral part of the rehabilitation process. It includes: counseling for family members (to help relatives understand the needs of victims and how best to support them); family therapy (to help resolve conflicts and improve communication in the family). 6. The use of technology provides access to psychotherapeutic care even in remote areas. Mobile applications: applications for self-control, relaxation and stress management. 7. A multidisciplinary approach, which involves cooperation with other specialists, is key in providing assistance. Cooperation with doctors, social workers, physiotherapists and other specialists allows for a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation. 8. Legislative and organizational support at the state level is important. This is the development of legislation that protects the rights of people with disabilities, the creation of support programs, the financing of rehabilitation centers, etc. Complex psychological support of citizens with disabilities who suffered from military actions is a complex and multifaceted process that requires an individual approach and the involvement of various specialists. The importance of this direction is growing in the conditions of modern challenges, and its successful implementation can significantly improve the quality of life of the affected persons. The main tasks of the psychological support program are related to the structure of self-confidence, including motivational-goal, cognitive, emotional-evaluative and behavioral components. The implementation of the program takes into account the identified features of the development of structural components of self-confidence.