THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CORRECTION OF RESILIENCE

Abstract

The article analyzes domestic and foreign scientific approaches to the concept of resilience. Resilience is considered as an individual's ability to face difficult life circumstances and find resources to recover from a stressful event. The main signs of resilience are a survivor mentality, effective emotional regulation, a sense of control, problem-solving skills, self-compassion, and social support. An analysis of the three main stages of the formation and application of the term "resilience" in scientific research from the 1970s to the present is carried out. Resilience is viewed as a multifaceted system that includes cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. The main factors that affect resilience are analyzed: biological, psychological, social and cultural aspects that interact with each other and determine how a person reacts to stressful situations. The development of resilience depends on the experience of successfully overcoming difficulties, moral stability, flexibility, the ability to regulate emotional states and cultivate positive emotions, the presence of a worthy and important goal, the ability to worry about one's physical condition, the ability to show and accept social support. Theoretical approaches to the development of resilience are analyzed, such as: the Ego-psychology model, the model of characteristic personal traits, and the contextual model. The analysis of foreign and domestic programs for the formation, development and correction of resilience serves as the basis for determining the priority goals and tasks of psychological assistance, which include: understanding the values and meaning of life; promoting the ability to use internal and external resources and build on acquired skills; improving the ability to control one's own emotions and thoughts; learning optimistic thinking; planning of various activities; the development of social ties and relationships, as well as the manifestation of compassion and help to those who need it. The program of correction and development of resilience should be aimed at the formation of sustainable adaptive resources of the individual and improvement of his psychological health, as well as the development of self-help skills.