TRANSFORMATIONS WHEN TRANSLATING MILITARY TERMS FROM ITALIAN INTO UKRAINIAN

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of translation transformations applied in rendering military terminology from Italian into Ukrainian. The focus is on the analysis of lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical, and semantic transformations that ensure accuracy and adequacy in reproducing specialized military vocabulary within the process of interlingual communication. The research has an interdisciplinary nature as it combines approaches from translation studies, terminology, linguistic semantics, and military communication. The aim of the study is to identify the relevant translation transformations that guarantee precision and adequacy in translating Italian military terms into Ukrainian. The object of the research is the military terminology of modern Italian, while the subject is the peculiarities of its translation into Ukrainian through the use of interlingual transformations. The article provides a classification of military terms according to their structure (simple, compound, and multi-word terms) and the degree of specialization (general scientific, intersectoral, and narrowly specialized). A separate section focuses on the challenges of translating polysemantic and multi-equivalent terms. It is demonstrated that the choice of an equivalent depends on the context, semantic nuances, and the genre of the text. The article shows that the translation of military terms is not merely a technical operation but also a complex cognitive and culturally marked activity, in which the translator acts as a mediator between two linguistic systems and two worldviews. Italian military terminology, despite its specificity, reveals significant similarities with Ukrainian, which reflects shared value orientations and mutual cultural influence. The findings of the study can be applied in teaching translation studies, compiling bilingual glossaries of military vocabulary, and in the practice of translating international information materials.