SURNAMES OF RIVNENSHCHINA WITH THE SUFFICES -AK, -YAK

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the formation and development of surnames of the historical Rivne region with the suffix -ak, -yak. The genesis, functions, word-forming features and prevalence of anthroponymic formants -ak, -yak are specified, and the evolution of regional surnames with these suffixes is considered.It is noted that the suffixes -ak < *-akъ, -yak < *-jakъ, characteristic of the Ukrainian-West Slavic linguistic unity, have ancient Indo-European and Proto-Slavic origins. It can be argued with a high degree of probability that in the historical era they replaced the short and insignificant archaism -k-. The primary function of the formants was diminutive, which later, according to a neutral-asemantic sign, was formalized into anthroponymic.The practice of using regional surnames with suffixes -ak-, -yak- is characteristic of the historical Rivne region of the 16th century, as well as of the whole of Ukraine, later slowing down a bit and acquiring modern trends with the legal codification of proper personal names. In the modern anthroponymic of the region, surnames with -ak (-yak), -chak are unproductive and make up about two and a half percent of the total number of such names.The selected regional names are differentiated into two thematic groups according to lexical-semantic and morphological methods of creation. The first, relatively small group of names includes surnames that arose as a result of direct onymization of common names or anthroponyms, formed using the suffixes -ak- (-yak-), -chak-. In order to ensure holistic unity, su rnames (of course, not morphological formations) in which -ak- (-yak-), -chak- are part of the root of the word were also deliberately considered. The second group includes nominal and appellative suffix names. The latter were divided according to general word-forming meanings: a person is the bearer of a subject attribute, a person is the bearer of a certain attributive attribute, a person is the performer of a certain action, a person is correlated with a certain number.