NEW LEXICON OF THE PERIOD OF FULL-SCALE RUSSIANUKRAINIAN WAR: LEXICAL-SEMANTIC DERIVATION AND FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION

Abstract

The article analyzes part of a large stratum of new words of the Ukrainian language – both appellatives and onyms, the vast majority of which were formed during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war using lexical units available in the specific dictionary as a result of rethinking their semantics. The algorithm of derivation process and wordchanging features (the latter on the basis of morphological paradigmatics) of mainly military-political word-forming innovations, as well as new-creation-propriatives for designating settlements on the territory of Ukraine and internal urban, settlement or rural objects that appeared as a result of the renaming processes of 2022–2024 are investigated. It was found that new derivative units within the lexical-semantic method are formed due to onimization, transonymization, appellation (the latter is witnessed sporadically). Most often, derivational-semantic mechanisms of metaphorization or metonymization are involved. Linguistics actively uses the concept of "metaphthonymy" proposed by L. Hussens in 1990, which is qualified as a conceptual interaction between metaphor and metonymy. We propose a new term "metaftonymization" to refer to the syncretism of derivational processes of metaphorization and metonymization, that is, in cases of reconsidering the lexical meanings of lexical-semantic variants, their acquisition of new semantics due to simultaneous transfer both in similarity and in adjacency without the use of additional word-forming means. In the process of semantic derivation, both the lexical meaning of the word and its word-changing paradigm undergo changes. In this case, nouns with a full paradigm can move to the category of substantives used only or mainly in the plural, less often – only in the singular. A noun that was conjugated only in singular can be transformed into a lexeme that is formally used in plural forms, although potentially it can have a complete word-changing paradigm. There are cases of the noun singularia tantum passing into a lexical unit that is conjugated in the singular and plural. In addition, cases of syntactic-positional invariability have been witnessed, when the names of streets, alleys, squares, avenues, etc. in the form of a generic case of singular are predominant, less often the sets function as invariable word forms of the genitive even in the case of reduction of the generic appellative name.