CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TRADE SPHERE IN THE CONTEXT OF FORCE DYNAMICS THEORY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of force dynamics in the conceptualization of the Englishlanguage TRADE sphere. An attempt was made to analyze the extrapolation of the experience of the interaction of physical objects to the conceptualization of trade relations in society. The purpose of the study is to determine the principles of force dynamics, which are the basis for understanding the English-language sphere of TRADE. The concept of "force dynamics" is understood as a semantic-syntactic category, which at the cognitive level acts as a schematization of the phenomenon of causality and is the equivalent of physical force. The theory of force dynamics involves two main entities: the generator and the recipient of force. The force generator is called an affector, and the recipient is called a patient. It has been established that at the level of individual configuration, four main forces are distinguished in the English-language commercial sphere: CAUSE, HELP, PREVENT and DESPITE. These schemes are part of more general cognitive schemes: "Exertion of force", "Resistance and overcoming", and "Facilitation". The cognitive scheme "Exertion of force" has an affector in its focus, which either prompts the patient to move to another state or perform an action (the CAUSE relational scheme) or, on the contrary, prevents the realization of the patient’s internal tendency to act (the PREVENTION relational scheme). The cognitive scheme "Resistance and overcoming" focuses on the patient and is implemented within the framework of the DESPITE interaction scheme, which assumes that the patient’s internal tendency is stronger than the force of the antagonist acting on him. It is expressed by verbs whose semantics have a sign of overcoming resistance. The cognitive scheme "Facilitation" focuses on the joint action of the affector and the patient and their relationship is realized within the framework of the HELP interaction scheme. Verbalization of this scheme is made possible by lexical means with the integral semantic feature "helping". The obtained results prove that abstract trade relations are conceptualized based on knowledge about the physical interaction between objects of the surrounding world and open the prospect of researching the role of spatial semantics in the objectification of trade relations.