WAYS OF FORMING AND TRANSLATING OF ENGLISH AGRICUTURAL TERMS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research of English terminology of agriculture. The notion of agricultural terminology is given in the article, ways of its forming and translating into the Ukrainian language are also determined in it. Agricultural terminology is viewed in the article as a set of terminological units designating specialized concepts of the sphere. Its formation in the English language began with pre-terminological units that are prescientific and noncodified units of designation of agricultural notions. Formation of the analyzed layer of terminology was facilitated by the influx of borrowings from Greek, Latin, French, German, Spanish, Italian, as well as eastern languages. Such units came into the English language at different times, undergoing terminologization in specialized contexts and lexicographic fixation with time. The formation of English agricultural terminology is carried out morphologically, due to affixation and shortening. Unlike shortening, the affixal way of terminological forming is productive in the analyzed terminology, actualized predominantly by suffixal units. Morphological-syntactical way of forming of agricultural terminology is represented by compounding, expressed by complex structurally integrated units, as well as conversion. Syntactic way is the most productive one in the forming of agricultural terminology. Multicomponent units are formed syntactically. Two- and three-component units based on the models N+N, Adj+N, N+Prep.+N, Adj+N+N, N+N+N are most widespread among them. Semantic aspects of forming of the analyzed terminology are connected with the processes of terminologization and reterminologization, as well as the mechanisms of metaphorization and metonymyzation. Eponymic terms also exist in English agricultural terminology. Its translation is carried out by means of Ukrainian equivalents, transcoding, calquing, descriptively, with adding, omitting or transposition of words. Adding, omitting or transposition can be combined when multicomponent terms are rendered into the Ukrainian language