FORMATION AND TRANSLATION OF METONYMIC MILITARY TERMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of English military terms formed by means of metonymy. A definition of the notion «a metonymic term» is given in the article, models and submodels of formation of English metonymic military terms are defined, methods and transformations of their translation into the Ukrainian language are also analyzed in it.A metonymic term is a means of official designation of a professional notion, formed by the transposition of the meaning of a linguistic unit based on the contiguity of the denoted notions, or on the basis of a functional relationship between them. Metonymic terms are quite common in the English language of the military sphere.It indicates the productivity of metonymy as a semantic mechanism of term formation in it. The models of their forming are the following: «process − result» (pure metonymy), «proper name − common name» (antonomasia), «part − whole» (synecdoche).Terms based on the «process–result» metonymic model are not numerous in the analyzed terminology. They are used to designate military objects and subjects by their actions. Terms of the antonomasia model, formed by means of the substitution of a proper name by a common, are used to designate military events, institutions, and inventions in the English language. Submodels of their formation are the following: «name of a settlement − military event»,«name of a settlement − military institution», «name of an inventor − military invention». The most widespread metonymic terms of the analyzed terminology are formed on the basis of synecdoche and its «part − whole» model. Submodels of their forming are «item of gear (uniform) − military personnel (equipment)», «individual − community», «significative component (quality, color, functional features) of a military object/subject – military object/subject».English metonymic military terms are rendered into Ukrainian by means of equivalents, calquing, descriptively, and with the help of various translation transformations. In addition to such simple translation transformations, as transposition, adding of words, and lexical substitutions, complex transformations, combining several simple transformations, are also used in the translation of the analysed terminology. Transformation translation is used mainly for the terminological combinations of the sphere.