CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH GENRE ANECDOTE IN LEXICOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION: LINGUOCOGNITIVE ASPECT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the contrastive research of the semantics of the key lexical units of modern English and Ukrainian languages, which denote the speech genre of anecdote. The genre as a cognitive-discursive phenomenon is a thematically, compositionally and stylistically separate, invariant, cognitive model of the text construction that sets the parameters of the communicative interaction within a particular linguistic and cultural space. The anecdote is a small speech genre that is built around the concept of ANECDOTE, highlighted on the background of the macroconcept GENRE and implemented in some meso-concepts of GENRE VARIETIES (CONVERSATION, TALK, etc.). It contains information about a comic story in which a specific life conflict is projected on some value stereotypes shared or not shared by partners. In discursive terms, an anecdote is understood as a short, coherent, emotional and evaluative narrative text (in dynamics and statics), which at one of the appropriate moments of the deployment of another genre is deliberately uttered by the addressee to make the addressee laugh, contributing to the optimisation of their common activity. The concept of ANECDOTE in the British and Ukrainian linguistic environment acquires the nominations of anecdote (‘a short funny story about a real person or event’) and анекдот (‘a short humorous (primarily fictional) story about a funny event’). The isomorphic features are based on the common semes ‘story’ and ‘оповідання’, ‘short’ and ‘короткий’, ‘funny’ and ‘жартівливий’, ‘event’ and ‘подія’. Allomorphism is actualised by an additional component ‘person’, whereas the Ukrainian definition contains the element ‘вигаданий’. Both meanings are formed around the common cognitive model structured by the action and possession frame. The common feature is that the main subjects are represented implicitly by the slots SOMEBODY 1 (the narrator) and SOMEBODY 2 (the listener) as well as by the slot SOMEBODY 3 (the subject of the story), which is activated on the verbal level only in the English definition. The allomorphic component of the Ukrainian frame structure (not) ACTS, realised by the seme ‘вигаданий’ and clarified by the component ‘здебільшого’. Isomorphic is the frame proposition that reflects that the narrator creates a text with the qualities necessary for the planned impact (SUCH 1- quality). As a result, the beneficiary laughs, the fact fixed by the implicitly represented possessive part of the frame.