PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH: SEMANTIC AND EXPRESSIVE AND STYLISTIC CLASSIFICATION

Abstract

The article studies the semantic and expressive and stylistic classification of phraseological units. It is determined that in English phraseological units perform not only a nominative, but also an emotional and expressive function, which allows the language to be more imaginative and dynamic. It is established that the semantic classification is based on the semantic connections between the components of a phraseological unit. The words that make up such a unit can be more or less independent. Depending on this, according to the semantic classification, phraseological units are divided into phraseological concretions, phraseological unities and phraseological collocations. The above-mentioned types of phraseological units are characterized and the features of each of them are described in the article. It is established that phraseological concretions are integral phraseological units that cannot be separated into components that express a meaning that cannot be determined from the meanings of their constituent parts. Phraseological unities are characterized as semantically integral word combinations that convey a single meaning that follows from the meanings of their constituent parts. Phraseological collocations are defined as stable and semantically limited phrases and are used in live communication as ready-made phraseological units, and not as created in the process of speech. The concept of phraseological expressions that are characterized by stable combinations of words, but they do not have an integral meaning, that is, they are created from lexical units with a free meaning, is considered. They are used as ready-made language units with a constant lexical composition and a certain semantics. Phraseological expressions include numerous English proverbs and sayings that are used in a direct meaning and do not have a figurative allegorical content. It has been established that according to the expressive and stylistic classification, phraseological units and idioms are distinguished. Phraseological units are used in everyday speech of native speakers and form the basis of language. They are devoid of imagery and metaphor. Idioms, on the contrary, are characterized by bright stylistic coloring, emotional richness, and they are not associated with the usual neutral style. All the above types of phraseological units are illustrated with examples from English and Ukrainian sources.