LEXICAL UNITS OF WESTERN EUROPEAN ORIGIN AND ENRICHMENT OF THE VOCABULARY OF THE MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2522-4077-2024-208-27Keywords:
language, vocabulary, lexemes of foreign origin, donor language, recipient languageAbstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of etymologically heterogeneous lexemes in the vocabulary of the modern English language. The paper attempts a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of Western countries lexical units in the system of the recipient language. It is substantiated that French and German are among the Western European donor languages that have the greatest impact on the English vocabulary. It was analyzed a number of word-building affixes of French and German origin, which entered the English language and form lexical innovations by analogy. In addition, the issue of the influence of other Western European languages was considered. Also, it was analyzed a number of lexical units from them, namely Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, etc. It is concluded that Western European languages have enriched the English vocabulary and have a certain influence on the creation of new lexical units with the help of them. It was found that etymologically heterogeneous affixes of French and German origin are characterized by high productivity in the system of the modern English language, as, according to our empirical material, it’s observed the word-formation nests with them. This fact indicates the adaptation of a foreign lexeme to the system of the recipient language. Examples of lexical innovations formed using etymologically heterogeneous elements of Western European origin are given. It was examined a group of French lexical units, which make up a significant layer of the English lexicon. It is established that they denote the realities of French society, culture, art etc. The peculiarities of German loanwords in the English language are considered. It was found that they relate to science, technology, geology. The lexical units of other Western European languages were analyzed. Also, it was identified the most frequent areas of their use. It was found that they denote the realities, art, cuisine etc. It has been summarized that French and German are the main donor languages of lexical units and word-forming morphemes for English. Other Western European languages are also marked by a certain influence on the English vocabulary.
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