CONCEPT AND TYPOLOGY OF TEXT

Abstract

The article examines the problem of defining the essence of the text as a complex linguistic and communicative unit and analyzes the main approaches to its typology in modern linguistics. The essence of the concept of text is clarified, its main features are identified, and existing approaches to text typology are analyzed with the aim of their systematization. The paper presents scientific approaches to the study of the text as reflected in the works of Ukrainian and Italian researchers. In particular, such Ukrainian linguists as N. V. Kondratenko, S. Ya. Yermolenko, O. O. Selivanova, A. P. Zahnitko, and F. S. Batsevych, as well as Italian scholars such as PaolaDesideri, Maria-Elisabeth Conte, Dario Corno, Stefano Gensini, Cristina Lavinio, Tullio De Mauro, and others. It is emphasized that the absence of a single definition of the text is caused by the diversity of its formal and structural organization; its functional, genre, and stylistic variability; differences in scientific approaches to its study; and the overestimation of formal-structural characteristics, which reduces the definition of the text to one or several of its features. The article characterizes the main features of the text, including cohesion, coherence, intentionality, informativeness, situationality, and intertextuality, which ensure its functioning as a complete semantic unity. Various classifications of texts based on functional, stylistic, communicative, and structural criteria are analyzed. It is shown that text typology is complex and lacks a universal system, since texts can combine different features and functions. The study concludes that a comprehensive approach is necessary for the analysis of the text as a multilevel phenomenon that integrates linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural aspects.