DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN LUTSK IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХІХTH – FIRST THIRD OF THE ХХTH CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION)

Abstract

Using the example of the history of the foundation and reorganization of one educational institution, to show the features of the formation and development of the secondary education system in Lutsk in different socio-political circumstances. The study first traced the formation and development of one educational institution and its reorganization in different socio-political conditions. The history of the formation of the male progymnasium (gymnasium) in Lutsk during the Russian Empire is reflected, and it is also traced how the Lutsk Ukrainian Gymnasium functioned on its basis already during the ІІ Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was established that the formation of the education system in Volyn in general, and in Lutsk in particular, took place in difficult sociopolitical conditions. In the ХІХth century. our territories were part of the Russian Empire, whose government, trying to follow the trends of that time, imitating European states, but with a great delay, began to form its own system of educational institutions. How this process took place is well illustrated by the history of the foundation in the 1890s and the activities of the men's progymnasium (later reorganized into a gymnasium). The foundation of this institution dragged on for years due to the procrastination of the authorities, especially the central authorities, who believed that Lutsk did not need an educational institution of the gymnasium type, but instead it would be worth creating a workers' school here. However, the gymnasium was created. During the Great War, it was evacuated to the Kursk province. After returning to Lutsk in 1918, the gymnasium was headed by Ivan Vlasovsky. A well-known and experienced teacher, a representative of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, taking advantage of the opportunity, initiated the creation of a Ukrainian gymnasium on the basis of this institution. The Lutsk Ukrainian gymnasium became a center of Ukrainian culture in the sociopolitical conditions of the ІІ Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. A plan was developed for its development, but 1939 changed everything. The new Soviet authorities closed the Lutsk Ukrainian Gymnasium on December 1. The Lutsk Pedagogical School of the Volyn Region was opened in the building where it operated. The Soviet authorities understood well that reliable and correct teachers were needed to establish their ideology.