SPINNING AMONG THE SCYTHIANS OF THE SOUTHERN DNIPRO FOREST-STEPPE REGION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SVITLOVODSK BURIAL SITE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/cusu-hist-2025-1-1Keywords:
burial, cemetery, Scythian period, Dnieper region, spinning, spindle, spinning wheel.Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of spinning tools discovered at the Scythian cemetery near the town of Svitlovodsk, Kirovohrad region. This necropolis is one of the largest and best-studied of its time in the Northern Black Sea region. Expeditions led by N. M. Bokiy and I. A. Kozyr in 1975–1990 investigated 161 burials of that time. Most of them were barrowless. Important materials for the analysis of funerary rites and material culture were obtained. Finds from the necropolis reveal, among other things, the production and crafts of the ancient population. One of them was spinning: the process of making thread from yarn. Later, it was used to weave a cloth that could be used to make clothes. Traditional raw materials of both plant and animal origin could be used to form yarn in this region: hemp stalks, flax, and animal wool. From the Early Iron Age, we have insignificant material remains of this process. Most often, these are spindles, bone parts of spindles, and very rarely their wooden parts. These finds are almost always discovered in the burials of women who were engaged in this craft during their lifetime. In Svitlovodsk, spindles have not been preserved. Only once was a wooden trace of one noted, and otherwise bone disc-shaped objects with a hole in the centre survived. More common are finds of ceramic spindles with through holes that were put on the spindle. They had various variations of conical or biconical shapes. Two lead spindles were also found, which are linked to ancient centres. The material remains of the spinning craft from Svitlovodsk date back to the fourth century BC and illustrate the final stage of Scythian history, on the eve of the Sarmatian conquest, when the area of their culture narrowed to the Crimea and the Lower Dnipro.
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